People are not consciously aware of most of the knowledge we have.
Linguistic competence is the hidden knowledge and resides in the mind. The job of linguists is to figure out all the hidden knowledge.
Linguistic performance is the way that people produce and comprehend language. It's revealed in your speech but revealing doesn't mean that we are conscious of how it works. It's common to make performance error which means being unable to remember a word, mispronouncing something.
The use of language is to communicate an idea from your mind. There are many types of communication systems (picture, screaming) it includes one person as a transmitter, a signal and a receiver.
In order to communicate an idea first you have you make a physical expression to the mental representation, and then the listener must use mental knowledge of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and pragmatics.
Phonetics: Knowledge of sounds in your language
Phonology: Knowledge of how these sounds work together as a system
This allows you to identify which sequences of sounds are possible.
Morphology: How to break individual words into smaller parts. How to create words by
combining these smaller parts.
Syntax: How to combine words to form phrases and sentences.
It allows you to recognize whether a sentence is well formed or not.
Semantics: It’s when you interpret meaning; it has to do with your ability to determine
the meaning of sentences.
Pragmatics: Understanding of how the context of utterance influences their meaning.
Language isn’t tangible, it exist only in the minds of speaker. This knowledge has two parts:
Lexicon: Collection of all the words that you know (functions, pronunciation)
Grammar: It’s the set of all the elements and rules. These rules are stored in the form of a mental grammar.
It helps you to produce well-formed utterances and to interpret the utterances of others.
All human are capable of acquiring the language that they are exposed to as children.
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